O Ministério da Educação (MEC) homologou um conjunto de diretrizes do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) que orienta as escolas da educação básica e instituições de ensino superior durante a pandemia do coronavírus. A publicação saiu na edição desta segunda-feira, 1º de junho, no Diário Oficial da União (DOU).

O documento tem objetivo de orientar estados e municípios, escolas e instituições de ensino superior sobre as práticas que devem ser adotadas durante a pandemia. Assim, a reorganização dos calendários é de responsabilidade dos sistemas de ensino.

O documento sugere que os entes busquem alternativas para minimizar a necessidade de reposição presencial de dias letivos. Isso a fim de permitir que seja mantido um fluxo de atividades escolares aos estudantes enquanto durar a situação de emergência.

Para repor a carga horária ao fim do período de emergência, a diretriz indica a utilização de períodos não previstos, como recesso escolar do meio do ano, sábados, e a reprogramação de períodos de férias. A ampliação da jornada escolar diária ou utilização do contraturno para atividades escolares também são alternativas que podem ser consideradas.

Atividades não presenciais

Além disso, o texto autorizou os sistemas de ensino a computar atividades não presenciais para cumprimento de carga horária de acordo com deliberação própria. O CNE listou uma série de atividades não presenciais que podem ser utilizadas pelas redes de ensino durante a pandemia. Videoaulas, plataformas virtuais, redes sociais, programas de televisão ou rádio, material didático impresso e entregue aos pais ou responsáveis são algumas das alternativas sugeridas.

Para pensar em soluções eficientes, evitar aumento das desigualdades, evasão e repetência, o Conselho recomenda que as atividades sejam ofertadas desde a educação infantil. Assim, as famílias e os estudantes não perdem o contato com a escola e não tem retrocessos no seu desenvolvimento.

A parte do documento que trata sobre avaliações e exames nacionais e estaduais e de instrumentos avaliativos, o MEC encaminhou o texto ao CNE para uma nova proposta.

Confira abaixo as diretrizes para o ensino durante a pandemia:

Educação infantil 

 A orientação para creche e pré-escola é que os gestores busquem uma aproximação virtual dos professores com as famílias, de modo a estreitar vínculos e fazer sugestões de atividades às crianças e aos pais e responsáveis. As soluções propostas pelas escolas e redes de ensino devem considerar que as crianças pequenas aprendem e se desenvolvem brincando prioritariamente.

Ensino fundamental anos iniciais 

 Sugere-se que as redes de ensino e escolas orientem as famílias com roteiros práticos e estruturados para acompanharem as atividades das crianças. No entanto, as soluções propostas pelas redes não devem pressupor que os “mediadores familiares” substituam a atividade do professor. As atividades não presenciais propostas devem delimitar o papel dos adultos que convivem com os alunos em casa e orientá-los a organizar uma rotina diária.

Ensino fundamental anos finais e ensino médio 

A supervisão de um adulto para realização de atividades pode ser feita por meio de orientações e acompanhamentos com o apoio de planejamentos, metas, horários de estudo. Isso porque nesta etapa há mais autonomia por parte dos estudantes. Neste caso, a orientação é que as atividades pedagógicas não presenciais tenham mais espaço. Entre as sugestões de atividades, está a distribuição de vídeos educativos.

Ensino técnico 

A ideia é ampliar a oferta de cursos a distância (EaD) e criar condições para realização de atividades pedagógicas não presenciais de forma mais abrangente a cursos que ainda não se organizaram na modalidade a distância. Os estágios vinculados às práticas na escola deverão ser realizados de forma igualmente virtual ou não presencial.

Ensino superior 

O CNE sugere que, para a continuidade das atividades de aprendizado nesse nível de ensino, as instituições possam disponibilizar atividades não presenciais.

Educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) 

Enquanto perdurar a situação de emergência sanitária, as medidas recomendadas para EJA devem considerar as condições de vida dos estudantes, para haver harmonia na rotina de estudos e de trabalho.

Educação especial 

As atividades pedagógicas não presenciais devem incluir os estudantes com deficiência, transtorno de espectro autista e altas habilidades/superdotação. Devem ser adotadas medidas de acessibilidade, com organização e regulação definidas por estados e municípios.

Junto às atividades, deve ser assegurado o atendimento educacional especializado, que envolve parceria entre profissionais especializados e professores, para desempenhar suas funções na adequação de materiais, além de dar orientações e apoios necessários a pais e responsáveis.

Como a atenção é redobrada para cada aluno, os profissionais do atendimento educacional especializado devem dar suporte às escolas na elaboração de planos de estudo individualizados, que levem em conta a situação de cada estudante. As famílias são, sempre, parte importante do processo.

Educação indígena, do campo e quilombola 

 As escolas poderão ofertar parte das atividades escolares em horário de aulas normais e parte em forma de estudos dirigidos e atividades nas comunidades, desde que estejam integradas ao projeto pedagógico da instituição, para garantir que os direitos de aprendizagem dos estudantes sejam atendidos. Nos estados e municípios onde existam conselhos de educação escolar indígenas e quilombolas, estes devem ser consultados e suas deliberações consideradas nos processos de normatização das atividades.

Também participaram das discussões do documento o Conselho Nacional de Secretários de Educação (Consed), a União Nacional dos Dirigentes Municipais de Educação (Undime), o Fórum dos Conselhos Estaduais e a União Nacional dos Conselhos Municipais de Educação (UNCME). Houve ainda contribuições da sociedade, por meio de consulta pública.

Fonte: MEC – MEC homologa diretrizes para o ensino durante a pandemia

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