A Câmara dos Deputados aprovou projeto de lei que concede incentivo financeiro educacional, na modalidade poupança, para estimular alunos do ensino médio a permanecerem na escola e concluírem o curso. Do total de R$ 20 bilhões que a União poderá direcionar para bancar o incentivo, R$ 13 bilhões poderão vir do superavit financeiro do Fundo Social.

A proposta será enviada ao Senado. O texto aprovado na 3ª feira (12.dez.2023) é um substitutivo do relator, deputado Pedro Uczai (PT-SC), para o Projeto de Lei 54/21, da deputada Tabata Amaral (PSB-SP) e outros. O relator aproveitou a maioria do texto da MP (medida provisória) 1198/23 sobre o mesmo tema, como a criação de um fundo com aporte de R$ 20 bilhões pela União para fazer frente às despesas.

O público-alvo do incentivo são os estudantes de baixa renda regularmente matriculados no ensino médio das redes públicas, em todas as modalidades, e pertencentes a famílias inscritas no CadÚnico (sigla para Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais) do governo federal, com prioridade para aqueles com renda per capita mensal de até R$ 218,00.

A fim de estimular o cumprimento da etapa escolar em idade adequada, o incentivo poderá ser pago a estudantes da modalidade EJA (Educação de Jovens e Adultos) somente se tiverem de 19 a 24 anos incompletos. Autora da proposta, a deputada Tabata Amaral afirmou que sua trajetória educacional só foi possível pelo auxílio financeiro de professores e de bolsa de escola privada.

E que, a partir da criação da política pública pelo projeto, milhões de estudantes poderão se manter em sala de aula. “A gente não pode depender do acaso, de professores. Quando a gente faz uma política pública para dizer que nenhum aluno terá de escolher entre o prato de comida ou entre levar dinheiro para casa e terminar os seus estudos, essa é a melhor aposta que a gente pode fazer”, afirmou.

A seleção dos alunos obedecerá a critérios de inscrição do CadÚnico e poderá seguir ainda outros critérios fixados em regulamento e referentes à situação de vulnerabilidade social, à matrícula em escola em tempo integral e à idade do estudante contemplado. A relação dos estudantes contemplados será de acesso público por meio da internet.

Quem poderá receber o bolsa ensino médio?

Para poder acessar o benefício depois de ter sido selecionado, o estudante deverá:

  • fazer a matrícula no início de cada ano letivo;
  • manter frequência escolar de 80% do total de horas letivas (a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação prevê 75%); ser aprovado ao fim de cada ano letivo;
  • participar dos exames do Saeb (Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica) e de avaliações aplicadas pelos outros entes federativos, quando houver;
  • participar do Enem (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio) quando estiver no último ano do ensino médio público;
  • participar do Encceja (Exame Nacional para Certificação de Competências de Jovens e Adultos), no caso da modalidade EJA.

Em até 3 anos depois da implementação do incentivo, a condicionante de frequência escolar mínima deverá ser aumentada para 85% do total de horas letivas. Caberá ao Ministério da Educação verificar o cumprimento dessas condicionantes pelo estudante.

Valores do bolsa ensino médio

Embora os valores sejam definidos em regulamento, conforme disponibilidade orçamentária, o texto prevê aportes em conta nominal do estudante de acordo com o cumprimento de etapas e com restrições de movimentação. Assim, ele receberá depósitos a cada ano letivo em que realizar a matrícula e ao comprovar frequência mínima. Esses valores serão depositados ao menos 9 vezes ao longo de cada ano e poderão ser movimentados pelo aluno a qualquer momento.

Já os depósitos feitos pelo governo quando da conclusão do ano letivo com aprovação e depois da participação no Enem poderão ser movimentados depois de obtido o certificado de conclusão do ensino médio.

Quando se tratar de educação profissional e tecnológica, seja integrada ou concomitante, no mínimo 10% dos resgates pela conclusão do ano letivo e realização do Enem devem depender da obtenção do certificado de ensino médio técnico. Esses depósitos referentes à aprovação no ano letivo e à participação no Enem deverão corresponder, no mínimo, a 1/3 do total pago a cada estudante.

No entanto, se o aluno descumprir as condicionantes ou abandonar a escola, os valores depositados na conta em seu nome deverão retornar ao fundo que bancará o incentivo. Como há liberdade de movimentação dos valores vinculados à matrícula e à frequência, serão devolvidos apenas os incentivos por aprovação e participação no Enem.

O regulamento definirá os efeitos para o estudante em razão do descumprimento das condições antes da conclusão do ensino médio e as hipóteses de desligamento desse tipo de incentivo. O dinheiro recebido não será considerado para fins de cálculo da renda familiar para acesso a outros benefícios socioassistenciais, mas não poderá ser acumulado com o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) ou com o Bolsa Família em caso de famílias unipessoais.

Fonte: Poder 360, com informações da Agência Câmara.

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