O ​Ensino Médio​ é o último degrau que o aluno precisa subir antes de conquistar o diploma de formado no ciclo básico da educação.

Ele possui três séries que devem ser cursadas pelo aluno, onde as disciplinas ensinadas durante o ensino fundamental ganham um grau a mais de dificuldade, para que ele fique pronto para as próximas etapas da sua vida profissional e acadêmica.

Vamos discutir mais sobre essa modalidade de ensino neste artigo!

O que é ensino médio?

Sendo conhecido com a última fase do jovem dentro da educação básica brasileira, o ensino médio costuma ter a duração de três anos. Nele, é o momento do aluno aperfeiçoar e aprofundar o conhecimento adquirido durante os anos de ensino fundamental e se preparar para entrar na faculdade ou ingressar direto no mercado de trabalho. 

Durante essa etapa, é possível fazer um curso técnico (e já sair da escola com uma profissão para chamar de sua!) ou prestar os vestibulares para tentar uma vaga na universidade. 

Com quantos anos termina o ensino médio?

O ensino médio geralmente é finalizado com 17 ou 18 anos. Para isso, o aluno deve seguir a lei que diz que a criança deve entrar na pré-escola até os 4 anos completos e com até 6 anos estar cursando o 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental.

Como vai funcionar o novo ensino médio?

Segundo uma lei decretada em 2017, o ensino médio agora possibilita aos estudantes terminar o período escolar já com uma formação técnica profissionalizante. A estrutura básica do ensino mudou, ganhando um acréscimo de 200 horas na carga horária total, o que torna necessário um período maior de tempo do estudante na escola, sendo com aulas em sistema integral ou com a adição de um quarto ano ao ensino médio.

O currículo que os alunos devem ter durante o ensino médio também mudou um pouco. Com essa adição de horas de estudo, agora será possível incluir junto a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) “a oferta de diferentes possibilidades de escolhas aos estudantes, os itinerários formativos, com foco nas áreas de conhecimento e na formação técnica e profissional”, como explica o próprio site do Ministério da Educação (MEC). 

Essa mudança tem como foco fazer com que uma educação de qualidade chegue até todos os jovens brasileiros, além de fazer com que o ensino aplicado nas escolas esteja mais próximo da realidade do mercado de trabalho, levando em contas a necessidade de determinados tipo de formação para conquistar uma vaga no mercado de trabalho. 

O que fazer depois do ensino médio?

Fazer um concurso público

Quando se pensa em estabilidade financeira durante a vida adulta, o concurso público é algo que vem na cabeça de muitos jovens. Fazer concurso público é prestar uma prova para concorrer a vagas para trabalhar dentro de entidades do governo, seja na esfera municipal, estadual ou federal.

As provas variam conforme a necessidade de conhecimento para a vaga pleiteada. Geralmente, sempre incluem questões de conhecimentos gerais e específicos para vaga. Instituições famosas e renomadas como Cespe, FCC, FGV ficam responsáveis por muitas das provas. Caso seja do seu interesse, ficar de olho nos sites delas é uma boa maneira de começar.

Fazer um intercâmbio

Um ponto que conta bastante para o currículo na hora de procurar um emprego é saber falar um segundo idioma. Esse diferencial pode ser a chave para abrir várias portas em direção a uma carreira de sucesso. 

Para atingir essa meta, uma boa ideia é fazer um intercâmbio. Ir para outro país, além de ser uma experiência pessoal e cultural muito legal, pode te ajudar a aprender uma nova língua e fazer toda a diferença na sua vida profissional.

Existem diversos jeitos de fazer intercâmbio hoje em dia. O primeiro jeito é finalizar o ensino médio no Brasil e indo complementar os estudos em uma escola estrangeira (algumas instituições em outros países possuem um quarto ano no ensino médio). Também dá para estudar em uma escola específica de idiomas, para aprofundar ainda mais os conhecimentos adquiridos no dia-a-dia no país de estadia, tornando ainda maior a imersão na nova língua.

Por último, existe a possibilidade de fazer o intercâmbio trabalhar. A maior parte dos países permite que seja tirado um visto de turista no caso de viagens para passeio. Contudo, em casos onde o turista quer ter a experiência do trabalho, provavelmente será necessário o visto de estudo + trabalho. Essas regras de documentação variam de acordo com o país. Não se esqueça de pesquisar sobre antes de embarcar. 

Procurar um emprego 

Pode ser que, ao término da escola, o aluno não queira mais estudar por um tempo. Sair de 10 anos de aulas, exercícios e provas pode ser cansativo mesmo. Nesse caso, outra opção é procurar um emprego. Essa pode ser uma ótima ideia por alguns motivos.

Leia também: 7 dicas para conseguir as melhores vagas de emprego!

O primeiro, e talvez mais óbvio, é que trabalhar será uma fonte de renda. Logo, o jovem passará a ter o próprio dinheiro e pode, com esses recursos, pensar nos próximos passos depois do fim do ensino médio. Além disso, a responsabilidade cresce, pois trabalhar se trata de um compromisso muito sério. Essa experiência pode ser uma maneira de ele começar e ver quais tipos de trabalho o agradam mais.

Fazer um curso técnico 

O ensino técnico, não necessariamente, precisa ser feito após o término do ensino médio. Existem diversas escolas no Brasil que usam de programas pedagógicos, onde as disciplinas de ensino médio e do técnico são ensinadas de maneira concomitante. 

Contudo, se você estudou em uma escola que não funcionava assim, é possível procurar ir atrás de uma profissão logo depois de terminar a escola. Basta procurar uma instituição de ensino que funcione como escola técnica, ver quais cursos ela oferece e qual mais combina com você. 

O ensino técnico é uma alternativa para quem não quer ir direto para faculdade, pois garante uma formação profissionalizante em um período de tempo menor, costuma ser mais barato que um intercâmbio e pode facilitar a procura por emprego.

Fazer vestibular e/ou Enem

Para aqueles que desejam ingressar no ensino superior depois de terminar a escola, fazer vestibular e/ou Enem é o primeiro passo para entrar com tudo na vida acadêmica.

A maioria das faculdades possuem provas próprias, os chamados vestibulares, que são elaboradas por profissionais. Com essa avaliação, a instituição de ensino consegue avaliar os jovens que querem se tornar seus alunos. 

Dependendo do curso que você escolher fazer, a prova terá um campo de habilidades para te avaliar. Por exemplo, se você quer fazer Engenharia Civil, a prova será mais voltada para ciências exatas. Caso você queira fazer Medicina, ciências biológicas devem ser seu forte na hora de estudar.

O Enem funciona um pouco diferente. Ele é um exame aplicado anualmente pelo governo federal, com o objetivo de avaliar o nível de ensino dos estudantes ao final do ensino médio. Faculdades públicas e privadas utilizam da nota dele como modo de avaliação e, através do Sisu e do Prouni, definem quem conseguirá a vaga para entrar em seus cursos superiores. 

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